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American Medical Association, Policy on Health Care Disparities in Same-Sex Partner Households: Our American Medical Association: (1) recognizes that denying civil marriage based on sexual orientation is discriminatory and imposes harmful stigma on gay and lesbian individuals and couples and their families; (2) recognizes that exclusion from civil marriage contributes to health care disparities affecting same-sex households; (3) will work to reduce health care disparities among members of same-sex households including minor children; and (4) will support measures providing same-sex households with the same rights and privileges to health care, health insurance, and survivor benefits, as afforded opposite-sex households.

American Psychoanalytic Association, Position Statement on Civil Marriage and Civil Rights (2013): ”Civil marriage confers important social, legal, and psychological benefits. Limitations on access to marriage and the invalidation of marriages unjustly deprive same-sex and same-gender couples and their families of these benefits. Additionally, these limitations and invalidations unjustly expose these couples and their families to harassment, discrimination, and violence.”